{"id":284752,"date":"2026-08-04T15:49:37","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T13:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/?p=284752"},"modified":"2026-08-04T17:17:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T15:17:13","slug":"public-administration-energy-self-sufficiency-photovoltaic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/pubblica-amministrazione-autosufficienza-energia-fotovoltaico\/","title":{"rendered":"Can the public administration become self-sufficient? Energy, self-consumption and emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"heiwit-pa-study\">\n<p class=\"heiwit-pa-lead\">Producing a quantity of energy in a year similar to the annual consumption of a perimeter does not mean making it self-sufficient. To transform the potential of public roofs into actually used energy, hourly profiles, the grid, contracts, storage and sharing rules are needed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-kpis\">\n<div><strong>7.53 TWh<\/strong><span>declared annual theoretical production<\/span><\/div>\n<div><strong>312,285 TWh<\/strong><span>Italian electrical question 2024<\/span><\/div>\n<div><strong>192,6 gCO\u2082\/kWh<\/strong><span>average ISPRA factor 2024<\/span><\/div>\n<div><strong>1.45 MtCO\u2082e<\/strong><span>theoretical maximum accounting profit for the first year<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-warning\"><strong>Transparency notice.<\/strong> The values 5.68 GW, 7.53 TWh\/year and 6.8 billion euros are results declared by the Heiwit model. The document audit of 4 August 2026 was unable to replicate them in full because detailed datasets, code, API logs, bootstrap outputs, GSE matching and cash flow were missing from the material received. The limitation is stated, not hidden.<\/div>\n<section class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-section\" aria-labelledby=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-5-title\">\n<h2 id=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-5-title\">The chapter in 8 slides<\/h2>\n<p class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-intro\">Scroll through the original carousel created for this chapter. The images have been optimised for the web and uploaded to the WordPress Media Library.<\/p>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel\" data-heiwit-carousel tabindex=\"0\" aria-roledescription=\"carosello\" aria-label=\"Can the public administration become self-sufficient? Energy, self-consumption and emissions\"><span class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-badge\">Original slides \u00b7 audited data in the text<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-viewport\" data-carousel-viewport>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-track\">\n<figure class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-slide\" data-carousel-slide aria-label=\"Slide 1 of 8\"><img width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-01-4-819x1024.webp\" class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-image\" alt=\"An electrically self-sufficient Public Administration\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-01-4-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-01-4-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-01-4-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-01-4.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption><span>1\/8<\/span>An electrically self-sufficient Public Administration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-slide\" data-carousel-slide aria-label=\"Slide 2 of 8\"><img width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-02-4-819x1024.webp\" class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-image\" alt=\"Declared theoretical annual productivity of public roofs\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-02-4-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-02-4-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-02-4-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-02-4.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption><span>2\/8<\/span>Declared theoretical annual productivity of public roofs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-slide\" data-carousel-slide aria-label=\"Slide 3 of 8\"><img width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-03-4-819x1024.webp\" class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-image\" alt=\"Comparison with the annual electricity demand of the public sector perimeter\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-03-4-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-03-4-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-03-4-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-03-4.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption><span>3\/8<\/span>Comparison with the annual electricity demand of the public sector perimeter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-slide\" data-carousel-slide aria-label=\"Slide 4 of 8\"><img width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-04-4-819x1024.webp\" class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-image\" alt=\"Self-consumption and theoretical surplus fed into the grid\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-04-4-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-04-4-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-04-4-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-04-4.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption><span>4\/8<\/span>Self-consumption and theoretical surplus fed into the grid<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-slide\" data-carousel-slide aria-label=\"Slide 5 of 8\"><img width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-05-4-819x1024.webp\" class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-image\" alt=\"Theoretical contribution of PA roofs with respect to the NECP gap\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-05-4-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-05-4-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-05-4-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-05-4.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption><span>5\/8<\/span>Theoretical contribution of PA roofs with respect to the NECP gap<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-slide\" data-carousel-slide aria-label=\"Slide 6 of 8\"><img width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-06-4-819x1024.webp\" class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-image\" alt=\"From theoretical capacity to realistically achievable potential\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-06-4-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-06-4-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-06-4-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-06-4.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption><span>6\/8<\/span>From theoretical capacity to realistically achievable potential<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-slide\" data-carousel-slide aria-label=\"Slide 7 of 8\"><img width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-07-4-819x1024.webp\" class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-image\" alt=\"Originally estimated climate impact\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-07-4-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-07-4-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-07-4-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-07-4.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption><span>7\/8<\/span>Originally estimated climate impact<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-slide\" data-carousel-slide aria-label=\"Slide 8 of 8\"><a class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-report-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/studio-potenziale-fotovoltaico-tetti-pubblica-amministrazione\/\" aria-label=\"Go to the practice&#039;s main page\"><img width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-08-4-819x1024.webp\" class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-image\" alt=\"Public-sector solar power as a system-wide driver\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-08-4-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-08-4-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-08-4-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slide-08-4.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span>8\/8<\/span>Public-sector solar power as a system-wide driver<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><button class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-control prev\" type=\"button\" data-carousel-prev aria-label=\"Show the previous slide\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2039<\/span><\/button><button class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-control next\" type=\"button\" data-carousel-next aria-label=\"Show the next slide\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u203a<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-footer\">\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-dots\" data-carousel-dots role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Select a slide\"><button type=\"button\" data-carousel-dot=\"0\" role=\"tab\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 1\" aria-selected=\"true\"><\/button><button type=\"button\" data-carousel-dot=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 2\" aria-selected=\"false\"><\/button><button type=\"button\" data-carousel-dot=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 3\" aria-selected=\"false\"><\/button><button type=\"button\" data-carousel-dot=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 4\" aria-selected=\"false\"><\/button><button type=\"button\" data-carousel-dot=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 5\" aria-selected=\"false\"><\/button><button type=\"button\" data-carousel-dot=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 6\" aria-selected=\"false\"><\/button><button type=\"button\" data-carousel-dot=\"6\" role=\"tab\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 7\" aria-selected=\"false\"><\/button><button type=\"button\" data-carousel-dot=\"7\" role=\"tab\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 8\" aria-selected=\"false\"><\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-counter\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span data-carousel-current>1<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\"> \/ <\/span>8<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-hint\">On your smartphone swipe sideways. From the keyboard use the left and right arrows.<\/p>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-carousel-audit\"><strong>Carousel audit note.<\/strong> The slide on climate impact shows the original estimate of 2.06 MtCO\u2082\/year. The article uses the 2024 ISPRA factor and indicates approximately 1.45 MtCO\u2082 as the theoretical maximum accounting figure for the first year.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Annual balance and self-sufficiency are not synonyms<\/h2>\n<p>In the original report, the electricity demand of the public administration was indicated in the region of 5\u20137 TWh, but the specific source still needs to be included. Even provisionally accepting the range, the comparison with 7.53 TWh yields an arithmetic balance between 0.53 and 2.53 TWh. This does not demonstrate self-sufficiency.<\/p>\n<p>Solar PV generates electricity during the day and especially in the sunniest months. Hospitals and offices have significant daytime loads, while schools and town halls can have very different profiles. Excess energy from one building cannot be automatically allocated to another public building without a compatible technical and contractual setup.<\/p>\n<h2>The operating variables<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Self-consumption<\/strong> How much of the generation matches the consumption at the same connection point?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Network<\/strong> Can the substation and the local network accommodate the feed-in?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Share:<\/strong> energy communities and self-consumption setups can monetise part of the energy, within the limits of the applicable rules.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Accumulo:<\/strong> It can shift energy over time, but this adds to costs, leads to losses and introduces design criteria.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Curtailment:<\/strong> a production quota may be unusable or non-marketable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Avoided emissions: the correction<\/h2>\n<p>ISPRA reports an average factor associated with electricity consumption of 192.6 gCO\u2082\/kWh for 2024. Applied to 7.53 TWh, this gives a theoretical maximum for the first year of approximately 1.45 MtCO\u2082. Applying a feasibility scenario of 60\u201380%, the order of magnitude becomes 0.87\u20131.16 MtCO\u2082 per year.<\/p>\n<p>This is an average, not a marginal, estimate: it does not necessarily describe which power stations would reduce output in any given hour. Furthermore, the grid factor will decrease with decarbonisation; for this reason, a simple constant multiplication for 25 years is not presented.<\/p>\n<h2>The role of storage<\/h2>\n<p>Energy storage can increase local energy consumption, support evening loads and provide flexibility. However, it should not be installed uniformly across all buildings. A hospital with continuous energy consumption may already have a high level of self-consumption; a school that is closed in August may require energy sharing, load management or a battery sized to match actual consumption patterns.<\/p>\n<h2>From theoretical energy to public value<\/h2>\n<p>The most useful metric is not just the TWh produced. It is the share of energy self-consumed, shared or fed into the grid with economic value, together with the reduction in the organisation's costs and the resilience of essential services. This part requires consumption data that the study will need to integrate in the next phase.<\/p>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-series\"><strong>Complete series<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/fotovoltaico-tetti-pubblici-pniec-2030\/\">Public roofs and National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan 2030<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/metodo-stima-potenziale-fotovoltaico-edifici-pubblici\/\">How was the model built<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/potenziale-fotovoltaico-tetti-pa-568-gw-753-twh\/\">5.68 GW and 7.53 TWh: results and significance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/costo-fotovoltaico-tetti-pubblici-capex-lcoe\/\">Economics of public intervention<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/pubblica-amministrazione-autosufficienza-energia-fotovoltaico\/\">Energy, self-consumption and emissions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/piano-operativo-fotovoltaico-edifici-pubblici\/\">From potential to operational plan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"heiwit-pa-cta\">\n<h2>Check the full study<\/h2>\n<p>Methodology, results, audit limitations and all further details are gathered on the main page of the Heiwit study.<\/p>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-cta-actions\"><a class=\"heiwit-pa-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/studio-potenziale-fotovoltaico-tetti-pubblica-amministrazione\/\">Go to the full study<\/a><a class=\"heiwit-pa-button secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.heiwit.com\/en\/contact-us\/\">Contact Heiwit<\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<div class=\"heiwit-pa-sources\">\n<h2>Sources and attributions<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/download.terna.it\/terna\/Monthly%20Report%20on%20the%20Electricity%20System_august_25_8deb105fc498315.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terna \u2014 Italian electricity system data for 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.isprambiente.gov.it\/it\/pubblicazioni\/rapporti\/settore-elettrico-emissioni-di-co2-e-altri-impatti-edizione-2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISPRA \u2014 Electricity sector: CO\u2082 emissions and other impacts, 2026 edition<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why annual production, self-consumption, storage and emission reduction are different quantities.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":284743,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[122],"tags":[86,74,141,142,123],"class_list":["post-284752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-studi-e-ricerche","tag-accumulo-energetico","tag-autoconsumo","tag-decarbonizzazione","tag-emissioni-co2","tag-pubblica-amministrazione"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - 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